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Devi-Bhagavata Purana (Sanskrit, n., देवी भागवतपुराण, Devī Bhāgavatapurāṇa, "the old book of the Goddess"), also known as Shrimad Devi Bhagvatam or Devi Bhagavatam, is one of the most important work in Shaktism, the veneration in Hinduism of the divine feminine, next to Devi Mahatmya.[1] Although the Devi-Bhagavata Purana is considered as a Upapurana (secondary Purana) by many, the text claims itself a Maha Purana ("Great Purana").[2]
The Devi-Bhagavata Purana is one of the Puranic works that are not necessarily authoritative for all Hindus, but that have special importance for the Shakta sect within Hinduism. The text describes the Devi, the Goddess, as the foundation of the world and as identical with Brahman, the Supreme Being. As the divine mother, she reveals her virat rupa (universal form) (Book 7, Chapter 33) and describes the proper ways for worshipping her: especially the practice of Yoga, Meditation (Book 7, Chapter 35), and Ritual (Book 7, Chapter 39). The Devi-Bhagavata Purana also deals with topics like spiritual knowledge, social and personal ethics, and holy places.
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The Devi-Bhagavata Purana was probably written in Bengal, and has been dated between the 6th and 14th century CE.[3]
According to a statement mentioned in the text (i.2.11-16), Devi-Bhagavata Purana consists of 12 skandhas (books), 318 adhyayas (chapters) and 18,000 verses and it is ascribed to the mythical sage Krishna Dvaipayana Veda Vyasa,[4] who is also regarded as the author of the Mahabharata and who is credited with dividing the Vedas into four parts.
The first skandha consists of 20 chapters. The first three chapters of the first skandha deal with the praise of Suta by Shaunaka for studying the eighteen puranas from Veda Vyasa and on the request of Shaunaka, Suta's beginning of narration. Chapters 4-19 describe the narrative of Śuka. The last chapter narrates the story of the Mahabharata from the marriage of Shantanu with Satyavati to the birth of Dhritarashtra, Pandu and Vidura.[4]
The second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh skandhas consist of 12, 30, 25, 35, 31 and 40 chapters respectively. The last nine chapters (31-40) of the seventh skandha is known as the Devi Gita. It is a dialogue between Parvati and her father Himavat. It deals with the universal form of the Devi, meditations on the major texts of Upanishads, ashtanga-yoga, the yogas of jnana, karma and bhakti, locations of the temples dedicated to the Devi and the rituals pertaining to her worship. The eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth skandhas have 24, 50, 13, 24 and 14 chapters respectively.
Like other Puranas, the Devi-Bhagavata Purana contains narratives, sections praising the Devi as supreme, and instructions in various types of sadhana. Parts of it have worked their way into popular Hinduism, such as the narrative of the goddess Durga in her fight against the buffalo-demon Mahishasura (Book 5, Chapters 2-18), which is also described in the Devi Mahatmya. This narrative provides the mythological backdrop for the annual ritual called Durga Puja, celebrated especially in Bengal.
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